Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is a widely used over-the-counter medication recognized for its analgesic and antipyretic properties. This guide provides detailed information about acetaminophen, including its uses, proper dosage, potential side effects, and important precautions.
Pronunciation: a-SEET-a-MIN-oh-fen
Generic name: acetaminophen (oral)
Brand names: Actamin, Anacin AF, Aurophen, Bromo Seltzer, Children’s Tylenol, Mapap, M-Pap, Pharbetol, Silapap Childrens, Tactinal, Tempra Quicklets, Tycolene, Tylenol, Vitapap
Dosage forms: oral capsule (325 mg; 500 mg), oral granule, effervescent (650 mg), oral liquid (160 mg/5 mL; 325 mg/10.15 mL; 500 mg/15 mL; 650 mg/20.3 mL), … show all 9 dosage forms
Drug class: Miscellaneous analgesics
What is Acetaminophen?
Acetaminophen is a common pain reliever and fever reducer available both over-the-counter and in prescription combinations. It’s classified as an analgesic and antipyretic medication by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Common Brand Names:
- Tylenol
- Panadol
- Excedrin (in combination with other active ingredients)
Uses of Acetaminophen
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved acetaminophen for the following uses:
- Treatment of mild to moderate pain
- Fever reduction
Common conditions treated with acetaminophen include:
- Headaches
- Muscle aches
- Arthritis pain
- Backache
- Toothaches
- Cold and flu symptoms
Dosage and Administration
Proper dosage is crucial to ensure efficacy and avoid potential liver damage. The FDA provides the following guidelines:
For Adults and Teenagers (12 years and older):
- Maximum single dose: 1000 mg
- Maximum daily dose: 4000 mg
For Children (under 12 years):
- Dosage based on weight and age
- Do not exceed 5 doses of children’s formula in 24 hours
Always follow the instructions on the label or your healthcare provider’s prescription carefully.
Side Effects
While generally considered safe when used as directed, acetaminophen can cause side effects. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) lists the following:
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
- Loss of appetite
Serious Side Effects (rare but require immediate medical attention):
- Severe skin reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)
- Liver problems, especially with overdose
- Allergic reactions
Precautions and Warnings
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the following precautions:
- Avoid or limit alcohol use while taking acetaminophen
- Check labels of other medications for acetaminophen content
- Consult a healthcare provider before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding
Overdose Risk
Acetaminophen overdose can be fatal due to liver damage. The American Association of Poison Control Centers reports that acetaminophen overdose is one of the most common poisonings worldwide.
Symptoms of overdose may include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Abdominal pain
- Jaundice
If overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical attention immediately.
Drug Interactions
The National Library of Medicine advises that acetaminophen may interact with various medications, including:
- Warfarin (blood thinner)
- Isoniazid (tuberculosis medication)
- Certain seizure medications
Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking.
When to Seek Medical Attention
The Mayo Clinic recommends seeking medical attention if:
- Symptoms persist or worsen after several days of use
- You develop signs of an allergic reaction
- You experience signs of liver problems
Remember, this information is intended for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.